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Amblyopia, also known as "lazy eye," is a condition that occurs when one eye doesn't develop normal visual acuity, despite normal eye structure. It is the most common cause of decreased vision among children, affecting approximately 2-3% of the population.

Amblyopia generally develops in infancy or early childhood, up to the age of 7 years. During this critical period, the brain is still developing its visual system, and any disruption to normal vision can cause the brain to favor one eye over the other, leading to amblyopia.

There are several causes of amblyopia, including strabismus (eye misalignment), an isometropia (unequal refractive error between the two eyes), and deprivation (when one eye is blocked or has a cataract). These conditions can cause the brain to receive conflicting visual information from the two eyes, leading to the development of amblyopia.

Fortunately, amblyopia can be treated if detected early. Treatment typically involves correcting any underlying vision problems, such as prescribing glasses or contact lenses, and patching the "good" eye to encourage the brain to use the weaker eye. Vision therapy, which involves exercises to improve visual acuity and coordination, may also be recommended.

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